However, cowpea s contribution to ecological stability is usually underemphasized. In ghana, cowpea is one of the widely cultivated legumes, mainly in the savanna and transitional zones cri, 2006. Afghanistan water, agriculture and technology transfer awatt forage program 6 forage cowpea seeds produced at mailbadam bagh agricultural research station in 2010 oushy, 2010. Alternative crops, cowpea, forage legumes, guar, united arab emirates, water demand. This study aims to identify sources of, and preferences.
Oct 24, 2014 post harvest technology dry cowpea seed cleaned graded fumigated packed in small plastic bags for sale to consumers moisture content reduced up to 89% safe storage 27. Kamara and others published improving cultivation of cowpea in west africa find, read and cite all the. West and central africa is the leading cowpea producing region in the world. Cowpea vigna unguiculata safety assessment of foods. The result revealed that cowpea farmer in kano, jigawa and katsina states realized a profit of n15,997, n34,016 and n19,788 per hectare respectively. West and central africa is the leading cowpea producing region in the world, this region produces 64 %. Cowpea, through its symbiotic association with beneficial bacteria, fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil and hence enhances soil fertility which also. Beyond africa cowpea is an important crop in some tropical american countries, especially in northeastern brazil. Introduction on the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in ghana.
The place of cowpea in evolving croplivestock systems in west africa cowpea, known as blackeyed peas in north america, is an important crop in west africa. Temperature the base temperature for germination is 8,5 c and for leaf growth 20 c. Cowpea is known by different names across the country. Pearl millet seed production and processing out of the spikelets earlier than the male part. Green fodder production information guide agri farming. Cowpea is useful for feeding in green form, for hay making or for ensiling in mixtures with sorghum or maize. The productivity of cowpea has not seen sustained growth over the last two decades because of various abiotic stress constraints.
The present book pearl millet seed production and processing authored by scientists. In 2017, over 87% of the crop was produced in africa. Pdf improving cultivation of cowpea in west africa researchgate. Cultigroup unguiculata is the most diverse of the cultivated subspecies unguiculata and has the widest distribution. Conditions for growing cowpea rainfall 250500 mm of well distributed rainfall during the growing season is adequate for cowpea production. Spray dap 2% at flower initiation and at peak flowering stage to promote pod setting. Varieties co 2, vbn 2, pusa komal, pkm 1 and arka garima are commonly cultivated. Cowpea production has expanded in the world over the past decades. In soils low in phosphorus, the roots of cowpea develop effective mycorrhizal associations, improving the soils available p content. Assessment of new herbicide programs for cowpea production. Cowpea lobia both summer and rainy season crop grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder seeds rich in protein 2328% called as vegetable meat when cultivated for dry seeds, it is called as black eye pea kaffir pea southern pea green pods are called catjang bean asparagus bean yard long bean. In south america, brazil showed a recent increase in cowpea cultivation, placing the country in third place in terms of global area and production.
Freeman, and qingren wang botany and planting cluster bean guar cyamopsis tetragonolobus edamame gylcine max fenugreek methi trigonella foenumgracum hyacinth bean, lablab bean lablab purpureus lima bean phaseolus lunatus. Yield information is available on the varieties released from these programs. United states production of dry cowpea has declined from 34 million acres to a few thousand over the same period. Afghanistan water, agriculture, and technology transfer. It is sensitive to cold and below 15 oc temperature yield adversely. It is intended to be a reference for rural zones of west and central africa and east asia where cowpea is. Biopesticide production encyclopedia of life support. The scientific name for cowpea is vigna unguiculata. Shown are the linkage of aflp, rapd, and other markers to s. It requires very few inputs, as the plants root nodules are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it a valuable crop for resourcepoor farmers and wellsuited to intercropping with. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. Idah sitholeniang will serve as liaison between ngica, cowpea scientists, and aatf and will prepare the technical report for the july 1011 sgm. Dec 04, 2012 introduction on the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in ghana. Hence, efforts have been made to improve cowpea production in.
Production area of cowpea about 14 million hectares worldwide and annual global production of cowpea is approximates 3. The blackeyed cowpea type is grown primarily in california and is marketed as california blackeyed peas. The profitability of cowpea preservation using the hydrothermal. Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer, accounts for 61% of production. Five cowpea production constraint areas were identified i seed production access ii field production iii storageutilization iv marketing, and v intellectual property. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. View cowpea production research papers on academia. The cowpea vigna unguiculata is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus vigna.
Cowpea vigna unguiculata seed production module training set facilitators guide this guide will help you use the cowpea seed production module training set. Biotechnology biopesticide production nasrine moazami the development of insecticide resistance in pest and vector population, the damage caused to nontarget organisms and the realization of other environmental hazards of chemical insecticides have led to an increasing interest in biological, including microbiological control methods. Spray naa 40 ppm 40 mg in 1 litre to reduce the flower drop. Post harvest technology dry cowpea seed cleaned graded fumigated packed in small plastic bags for sale to consumers moisture content reduced up to 89% safe storage 27. Being indigenous to africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing. Walpers also known as black eye pea is a herbaceous annual crop mostly grown in the dry agro. Cowpea is eaten by deer as forage, and is commonly used in food plots for deer. Cowpea postharvest operations in developing countries preface the present work provides information related to cowpea crop and mostly on cowpea postharvest operation in developing countries.
Make sure you account for the entire production system from seed selection to soil preparation, to planting and weed and pest control, all the way through harvesting all in one continuous loop of possible decisions you can make. International institute of tropical agriculture, benin. The hydrothermal treatment technology simply involves steaming of dry cowpea grains for about 10 minutes after which the grain is properly dried and stored. In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands that have been in fallow for more than 10 years. Pest and diseases diseases collar rot pythium aphanidermatum rhizoctonia sp. The cowpea leaves are usually picked when green and eaten as a vegetable. The set is designed to encourage group discusson as well as provide information on production techniques of. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 3 1. In burkina faso, multilocation trials are being conducted in farako ba and kamboinse. Production costs for cowpea vary depending on the technology used in particular. It is commonly called cowpea and is grown in africa, india and brazil.
As with many other grain crops grown in the semiarid tropics, the cowpea postproduction system in developing countries is an important constraint. In tanzania, production declined in the early 1970s but in the late 1970s it showed considerable improvement in production. Themonetary values of cowpea products are of major concern to farmers. Estimating world cowpea production is rather difficult,o as it is usually grown in a mixture with other crops, but according to a 1997 estimate, cowpeas are cultivated on 12. For maximum production day temperature 27 oc and night temperature 22 oc required. There are cowpea breeding programs throughout the primary production areas, which include arkansas, california, texas and southeastern states. Cowpeas are cultivated predominantly in africa and are grown for food, fodder and green manure. Cowpea is an annual crop and this can be grown in grown in tropics, subtropics and warm temperature regions. Cowpea can also be used for the production of high quality hay or silage, when mixed with crops such as corn or sorghum, or it can be used for rotational grazing. To achieve the objective of providing quality seeds to farmers, requires capacity building in seed production technology, marketing, business management and other elements that require the involvement of key stakeholders and strategic partners. Crops op varieties hybrid synthetic resistant total cauliflower 14 7 21 cabbage 3 7 10. Exact figures for cowpea production are hard to come up with as it is not a major export crop.
Cowpea postharvest operations in developing countries. Ortiz 1998 reported that in the mid1990s the cowpea production area of nigeria and niger together accounted for 87% of world cowpea production area. Improving soybean production on your farm requires a systematic approach. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed. Conveying relevant agricultural information and technology to nigerian cowpea farmers is important because, with an estimated annual production of 2. Co 5 cultivar suitable for growing under irrigated conditions. Significant progress has been made during the last five decades in cultivar development. Some varieties of cowpea are used specifically for wildlife purposes ball et al. Pinch the tendrils off for promotion of flower production.
A variety of birds, including wild turkey, eat the seeds and the plant can be used by quail as cover. It is intended to be a reference for rural zones of west and central africa and east asia where cowpea is widely grown. In the case of rice, the emphasis has been on the nerica series, developed by warda. Production guidelines for cowpeas agricultural research council. Cowpea seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, as well as a nutritious livestock feed. Five cowpea production constraint areas were identified i seed productionaccess ii field production iii storageutilization iv marketing, and. Evaluation and utilization of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Seeds and plant production the time required to reach maturity can vary greatly due to seed variety, temperature, and photoperiod. Total production of cowpeas for dry seed harvest in the u.
It is designed to serve as a basic reference document for participants in ilas cowpea production training courses. Introduction cowpea is one of the most ancient crops known to man. Outscaling of quality seed of improved cowpea varieties cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability in northern ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut. Cowpea lobia both summer and rainy season crop grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder seeds rich in protein 2328% called as vegetable meat when cultivated for dry seeds, it is called as black eye pea kaffir pea southern pea green pods are called catjang bean asparagus bean. The yields of the crop in ghana, however, are among the lowest in the world, averaging 310 kgha iita, 1993, cited by ofosubudu et al. In the usa, where black eye peas is a heritage crop, there is considerable cowpea production.
California, texas, arkansas and the southeastern states yielding 20,000 tons a year. As with many other grain crops grown in the semiarid tropics, the cowpea post production system in developing countries is an important constraint. Production guidelines for cowpea department of agriculture. However, cowpeas contribution to ecological stability is usually underemphasized. Assessment of new herbicide programs for cowpea production volume 32 issue 3 christopher e. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata. Potentials and constraints cowpea for food and poverty. This nature of flowering facilitates the breeding of hybrids and openpollinated varieties opvs as the two broad cultivar types. Performance of three cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp. The subsaharan african region accounts for about 84% and the remaining countries account for 14% of cowpea production.
In uganda total production deteriorated sharply after 1975. Cowpea is of major importance to the livelihoods of millions of relatively poor people in less developed countries of the tropics fao, 2002. It is estimated that the annual world cowpea crop is grown on 12,5 million ha, and the total grain production is 3 million tons altough only a small proportion enters the international trade. Due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall, it is an important crop in the semiarid regions across africa and asia. Postharvest storage of cowpea in subsaharan africa. In particular, weevils postharvest pests can destroy a granary full of cowpea in two or three months. To effectively utilize cowpea as livestock feed, it is important to understand the systems of animal production and the changes occurring that will influence how cowpea is used as a feed resource now and in the future. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets. African scientific institute, usa president, anglican university college of technology, accra, ghana. The importance of cowpea as a crop that cannot be dispensed with in the agriculture of the subsistence farmers in south sudan and the characteristics of cowpea plant type of roots, leaves, stem. Pest and diseases diseases collar rot pythium aphanidermatum rhizoctonia sp, selerotium rolfsii,fusariam control i. Soil well drained soil with rich organic matter content and warm humid climate is best suited for the cultivation of vegetable cowpea. Impact of a cowpea research project in nigeria, using the rapid rural appraisal technique. Cowpea seed is a nutntlous component m the human diet, and cheap hvestock feed, as well cowpea grown to matunty can be used as a feed, fodder or its pods.
It is hereby recommended that more attention should be given to cowpea production by government and research institutions. Pull out and destroy the plants exhibiting severe symptoms of mosaic in the early stages of growth. In addition to grain, cowpea can produce good yields of fodder for ruminant feeding systems. Over 80% of cowpea production is confined to west africa with niger, nigeria and burkina faso alone contributing 83% of the production area and 77% of the total production faostat, 2012. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 7 functioning biosafety regime, multilocation trials were conducted in zaria, minijibir and bajura during 2014, to generate data in order to support an application for general release. Sources of information on recommended cowpea production. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of northern ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of ghana. It is important to know the right time to harvest the first pick of cowpea pods. Seed production and training manual by lambert delimini fao 12052012. Cowpea 12 12 french bean 10 10 dolichos 5 5 okra 12 16 28 onion 25 25 garlic 10 10 contd. Cultivation practices of cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp and.
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